Author(s): Hiroki Sayama
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Introduction to the Modeling and Analysis of Complex Systems introduces students to mathematical/computational modeling and analysis developed in the emerging interdisciplinary field of Complex Systems Science. Complex systems are systems made of a large number of microscopic components interacting with each other in nontrivial ways. Many real-world systems can be understood as complex systems, where critically important information resides in the relationships between the parts and not necessarily within the parts themselves. This textbook offers an accessible yet technically-oriented introduction to the modeling and analysis of complex systems. The topics covered include: fundamentals of modeling, basics of dynamical systems, discrete-time models, continuous-time models, bifurcations, chaos, cellular automata, continuous field models, static networks, dynamic networks, and agent-based models. Most of these topics are discussed in two chapters, one focusing on computational modeling and the other on mathematical analysis. This unique approach provides a comprehensive view of related concepts and techniques, and allows readers and instructors to flexibly choose relevant materials based on their objectives and needs. Python sample codes are provided for each modeling example.
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Introduction to the Modeling and Analysis of Complex Systems
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Hiroki Sayama’s book “Introduction to the Modeling and Simulation of Complex Systems” is … a unique and welcome addition to any instructor’s collection. What makes it valuable is that it not only presents a state-of-the-art review of the domain but also serves as a gentle guide to learning the sophisticated art of modeling complex systems. –Muaz A. Niazi, Complex Adaptive Systems Modeling 2016 4:3
… Sayamaʼs book is a very good instrument for students who want to read an introductory text on modeling and analysis of complex systems, and for instructors who need such a text in simple language for their complex systems courses and projects. The book offers a good introduction to the complex systems terminology and plenty of readily available examples with technical implementation details. … Overall, Introduction to the Modeling and Analysis of Complex Systems offers a novel pedagogical approach to the teaching of complex systems, based on examples and library code that engage students in a tutorial-style learning adventure. It is a solid tool that may become one of the primary instruments for teaching complex systems science and help the discipline to become more established in the academic world, triggering the necessary transition from a top-down tradition to a bottom-up complex systems approach.
-Stefano Nichele, Artificial Life 22(3): 424-427, 2016. www.mitpressjournals.org/doi/abs/10.1162/ARTL_r_00209
1.1 Complex Systems in a Nutshell
1.2 Topical Clusters
2.1 Models in Science and Engineering
2.2 How to Create a Model
2.3 Modeling Complex Systems
2.4 What Are Good Models?
2.5 A Historical Perspective
3.1 What Are Dynamical Systems?
3.2 Phase Space
3.3 What Can We Learn?
4.1 Discrete-Time Models with Difference Equations
4.2 Classifications of Model Equations
4.3 Simulating Discrete-Time Models with One Variable
4.4 Simulating Discrete-Time Models with Multiple Variables
4.5 Building Your Own Model Equation
4.6 Building Your Own Model Equations with Multiple Variables
5.1 Finding Equilibrium Points
5.2 Phase Space Visualization of Continuous-State Discrete-Time Models
5.3 Cobweb Plots for One-Dimensional Iterative Maps
5.4 Graph-Based Phase Space Visualization of Discrete-State Discrete-Time Models
5.5 Variable Rescaling
5.6 Asymptotic Behavior of Discrete-Time Linear Dynamical Systems
5.7 Linear Stability Analysis of Discrete-Time Nonlinear Dynamical Systems .
6.1 Continuous-Time Models with Differential Equations
6.2 Classifications of Model Equations
6.3 Connecting Continuous-Time Models with Discrete-Time Models
6.4 Simulating Continuous-Time Models
6.5 Building Your Own Model Equation
7.1 Finding Equilibrium Points
7.2 Phase Space Visualization
7.3 Variable Rescaling
7.4 Asymptotic Behavior of Continuous-Time Linear Dynamical Systems
7.5 Linear Stability Analysis of Nonlinear Dynamical Systems
8.1 What Are Bifurcations?
8.2 Bifurcations in 1-D Continuous-Time Models
8.3 Hopf Bifurcations in 2-D Continuous-Time Models
8.4 Bifurcations in Discrete-Time Models
9.1 Chaos in Discrete-Time Models
9.2 Characteristics of Chaos
9.3 Lyapunov Exponent
9.4 Chaos in Continuous-Time Models
10.1 Simulation of Systems with a Large Number of Variables
10.2 Interactive Simulation with PyCX
10.3 Interactive Parameter Control in PyCX
10.4 Simulation without PyCX
11.1 Definition of Cellular Automata
11.2 Examples of Simple Binary Cellular Automata Rules
11.3 Simulating Cellular Automata
11.4 Extensions of Cellular Automata
11.5 Examples of Biological Cellular Automata Models
12.1 Sizes of Rule Space and Phase Space
12.2 Phase Space Visualization
12.3 Mean-Field Approximation
12.4 Renormalization Group Analysis to Predict Percolation Thresholds
13.1 Continuous Field Models with Partial Differential Equations
13.2 Fundamentals of Vector Calculus
13.3 Visualizing Two-Dimensional Scalar and Vector Fields
13.4 Modeling Spatial Movement
13.5 Simulation of Continuous Field Models
13.6 Reaction-Diffusion Systems
14.1 Finding Equilibrium States
14.2 Variable Rescaling
14.3 Linear Stability Analysis of Continuous Field Models
14.4 Linear Stability Analysis of Reaction-Diffusion Systems
15.1 Network Models
15.2 Terminologies of Graph Theory
15.3 Constructing Network Models with NetworkX
15.4 Visualizing Networks with NetworkX
15.5 Importing/Exporting Network Data
15.6 Generating Random Graphs
16.1 Dynamical Network Models
16.2 Simulating Dynamics on Networks
16.3 Simulating Dynamics of Networks
16.4 Simulating Adaptive Networks
17.1 Network Size, Density, and Percolation
17.2 Shortest Path Length
17.3 Centralities and Coreness
17.4 Clustering
17.5 Degree Distribution
17.6 Assortativity
17.7 Community Structure and Modularity
18.1 Dynamics of Continuous-State Networks
18.2 Diffusion on Networks
18.3 Synchronizability
18.4 Mean-Field Approximation of Discrete-State Networks
18.5 Mean-Field Approximation on Random Networks
18.6 Mean-Field Approximation on Scale-Free Networks
19.1 What Are Agent-Based Models?
19.2 Building an Agent-Based Model
19.3 Agent-Environment Interaction
19.4 Ecological and Evolutionary Models